What Dedication Is to Me free essay sample

Pondering the meaning of any word can be a struggle, as everyone has their own views of what the word really means; it is all perception. Dedication is one of the words that has many different meanings. To some, dedication is waking up every day and getting to work on time. Now, one may think that is a simple task. But maybe that person was the kind of guy who could never hold a job because he forgot to show up to work. Being on time may be his dedication. To me, dedication is much more. The word dedication and persistence go hand in hand. When I wake up every day, hungry to be the best I can, that is not enough. Dedication to me is the countless hours of work I put into myself, because when hockey and baseball season come around every year, I am always ready to be better than I was last time. We will write a custom essay sample on What Dedication Is to Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dedication is a part of who I am, and I don’t plan on changing that anytime soon. The dictionary definition, â€Å"the quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose,† serves me no good (Webster.) By the dictionary definition, someone who commits to anything is dedicated. Maybe this is true, but dedication to me is committing to the betterment of myself. Simply put, dedication is not easy. To me, it is waking up at 4:30 am early every day in the summer. From there, I make it over to the gym to be the first one there so that all of the equipment is open and ready to use. I may spend an hour in there, or maybe I will spend three. Whatever the case, I am home by 9 am. Many would be ready to hit the sheets again, and sleep for another few hours, but what good does that do? None, because then it is time to go to the hitting cages to get some swings in – after all, practice makes perfect. The time I spend at the cages could range from two hours to four hours, so by this time it is the afternoon. On some days, I go to the ice rink and work on my skills there. Others, I take some time to rest my body. Nonetheless, it is not easy, but it is how I love to spend my summer. Sometimes dedication is overlooked. A lot of times, no one knows what I do and when I put in work. Sure, they may see that I have gotten better, but they do not know the blood, sweat, and tears that I have put into it all. Better yet, people overlook my academic abilities. While school comes easy to some, being in two sports makes it tough to have time for schoolwork.I try to not let it stop me, though. If I ever find myself slacking off in a class, I make sure to do everything in my power to bring up my grade, whether it be studying until 1 am, or going into school early to seek help prior to a test.Currently, I am working on achieving a GPA of 3.7, and will not stop working until I do. Thomas Edison once said, (â€Å"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.†) Be it school work, or work on myself for sports, the word genius is replaceable. This quote brings me back a ways, as I first heard it from my uncle. When I first heard this quote, it struck me profoundly like a plunge in an icy lake. My uncle is a very hardworking man, and has been all his life. He is no superstar, and to some people merely an average man, but to me he is much more. My uncle has not missed a day of work in 7 years. He goes in every day and gives it his best shot, even when he may not be right. He is a successful man, a family man, and I’m proud to call him my uncle. When I asked him how he was able to be such a success, for I used to think money was the definition of success, he answered me this, â€Å"It is not always about what you know now. It is not always about what you can do now. It is about working so hard that you become the best at those t hings you never once could do, or know those things you didn’t know like the back of your hand.† That, like the quote from Edison he later told me, has stayed with me all my life.Dedication is pushing through when you want so badly to give up.When running the marathon, at one point the only thing I had on my mind was giving up.It seemed to be just a matter of when I was going to give up, but I pushed through and finished the race. Dedication is not simply committing to it until you get where your goal is. Rather, it is realizing you hit that goal, only to set the next goal, and keep working for that. To some people, dedication is waking up in the morning and being on time to work. To me, dedication is putting everything I have into myself. Be it school, work, or sports, I make sure to wake up every day knowing I am better today than I was yesterday. Dedication is believing in yourself every single day, and waking up better than the last day. That is dedication. Works Cited â€Å"Dedication.† Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 9 Nov. 2017. â€Å"Quotes about Dedication.† GoodReads. What Dedication Is to Me free essay sample Pondering the meaning of any word can be a struggle, as everyone has their own views of what the word really means; it is all perception. Dedication is one of the words that has many different meanings. To some, dedication is waking up every day and getting to work on time. Now, one may think that is a simple task. But maybe that person was the kind of guy who could never hold a job because he forgot to show up to work. Being on time may be his dedication. To me, dedication is much more. The word dedication and persistence go hand in hand. When I wake up every day, hungry to be the best I can, that is not enough. Dedication to me is the countless hours of work I put into myself, because when hockey and baseball season come around every year, I am always ready to be better than I was last time. We will write a custom essay sample on What Dedication Is to Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dedication is a part of who I am, and I don’t plan on changing that anytime soon. The dictionary definition, â€Å"the quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose,† serves me no good (Webster.) By the dictionary definition, someone who commits to anything is dedicated. Maybe this is true, but dedication to me is committing to the betterment of myself. Simply put, dedication is not easy. To me, it is waking up at 4:30 am early every day in the summer. From there, I make it over to the gym to be the first one there so that all of the equipment is open and ready to use. I may spend an hour in there, or maybe I will spend three. Whatever the case, I am home by 9 am. Many would be ready to hit the sheets again, and sleep for another few hours, but what good does that do? None, because then it is time to go to the hitting cages to get some swings in – after all, practice makes perfect. The time I spend at the cages could range from two hours to four hours, so by this time it is the afternoon. On some days, I go to the ice rink and work on my skills there. Others, I take some time to rest my body. Nonetheless, it is not easy, but it is how I love to spend my summer. Sometimes dedication is overlooked. A lot of times, no one knows what I do and when I put in work. Sure, they may see that I have gotten better, but they do not know the blood, sweat, and tears that I have put into it all. Better yet, people overlook my academic abilities. While school comes easy to some, being in two sports makes it tough to have time for schoolwork.I try to not let it stop me, though. If I ever find myself slacking off in a class, I make sure to do everything in my power to bring up my grade, whether it be studying until 1 am, or going into school early to seek help prior to a test.Currently, I am working on achieving a GPA of 3.7, and will not stop working until I do. Thomas Edison once said, (â€Å"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.†) Be it school work, or work on myself for sports, the word genius is replaceable. This quote brings me back a ways, as I first heard it from my uncle. When I first heard this quote, it struck me profoundly like a plunge in an icy lake. My uncle is a very hardworking man, and has been all his life. He is no superstar, and to some people merely an average man, but to me he is much more. My uncle has not missed a day of work in 7 years. He goes in every day and gives it his best shot, even when he may not be right. He is a successful man, a family man, and I’m proud to call him my uncle. When I asked him how he was able to be such a success, for I used to think money was the definition of success, he answered me this, â€Å"It is not always about what you know now. It is not always about what you can do now. It is about working so hard that you become the best at those t hings you never once could do, or know those things you didn’t know like the back of your hand.† That, like the quote from Edison he later told me, has stayed with me all my life.Dedication is pushing through when you want so badly to give up.When running the marathon, at one point the only thing I had on my mind was giving up.It seemed to be just a matter of when I was going to give up, but I pushed through and finished the race. Dedication is not simply committing to it until you get where your goal is. Rather, it is realizing you hit that goal, only to set the next goal, and keep working for that. To some people, dedication is waking up in the morning and being on time to work. To me, dedication is putting everything I have into myself. Be it school, work, or sports, I make sure to wake up every day knowing I am better today than I was yesterday. Dedication is believing in yourself every single day, and waking up better than the last day. That is dedication. Works Cited â€Å"Dedication.† Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 9 Nov. 2017. â€Å"Quotes about Dedication.† GoodReads. What Dedication Is to Me free essay sample Pondering the meaning of any word can be a struggle, as everyone has their own views of what the word really means; it is all perception. Dedication is one of the words that has many different meanings. To some, dedication is waking up every day and getting to work on time. Now, one may think that is a simple task. But maybe that person was the kind of guy who could never hold a job because he forgot to show up to work. Being on time may be his dedication. To me, dedication is much more. The word dedication and persistence go hand in hand. When I wake up every day, hungry to be the best I can, that is not enough. Dedication to me is the countless hours of work I put into myself, because when hockey and baseball season come around every year, I am always ready to be better than I was last time. We will write a custom essay sample on What Dedication Is to Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dedication is a part of who I am, and I don’t plan on changing that anytime soon. The dictionary definition, â€Å"the quality of being dedicated or committed to a task or purpose,† serves me no good (Webster.) By the dictionary definition, someone who commits to anything is dedicated. Maybe this is true, but dedication to me is committing to the betterment of myself. Simply put, dedication is not easy. To me, it is waking up at 4:30 am early every day in the summer. From there, I make it over to the gym to be the first one there so that all of the equipment is open and ready to use. I may spend an hour in there, or maybe I will spend three. Whatever the case, I am home by 9 am. Many would be ready to hit the sheets again, and sleep for another few hours, but what good does that do? None, because then it is time to go to the hitting cages to get some swings in – after all, practice makes perfect. The time I spend at the cages could range from two hours to four hours, so by this time it is the afternoon. On some days, I go to the ice rink and work on my skills there. Others, I take some time to rest my body. Nonetheless, it is not easy, but it is how I love to spend my summer. Sometimes dedication is overlooked. A lot of times, no one knows what I do and when I put in work. Sure, they may see that I have gotten better, but they do not know the blood, sweat, and tears that I have put into it all. Better yet, people overlook my academic abilities. While school comes easy to some, being in two sports makes it tough to have time for schoolwork.I try to not let it stop me, though. If I ever find myself slacking off in a class, I make sure to do everything in my power to bring up my grade, whether it be studying until 1 am, or going into school early to seek help prior to a test.Currently, I am working on achieving a GPA of 3.7, and will not stop working until I do. Thomas Edison once said, (â€Å"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.†) Be it school work, or work on myself for sports, the word genius is replaceable. This quote brings me back a ways, as I first heard it from my uncle. When I first heard this quote, it struck me profoundly like a plunge in an icy lake. My uncle is a very hardworking man, and has been all his life. He is no superstar, and to some people merely an average man, but to me he is much more. My uncle has not missed a day of work in 7 years. He goes in every day and gives it his best shot, even when he may not be right. He is a successful man, a family man, and I’m proud to call him my uncle. When I asked him how he was able to be such a success, for I used to think money was the definition of success, he answered me this, â€Å"It is not always about what you know now. It is not always about what you can do now. It is about working so hard that you become the best at those t hings you never once could do, or know those things you didn’t know like the back of your hand.† That, like the quote from Edison he later told me, has stayed with me all my life.Dedication is pushing through when you want so badly to give up.When running the marathon, at one point the only thing I had on my mind was giving up.It seemed to be just a matter of when I was going to give up, but I pushed through and finished the race. Dedication is not simply committing to it until you get where your goal is. Rather, it is realizing you hit that goal, only to set the next goal, and keep working for that. To some people, dedication is waking up in the morning and being on time to work. To me, dedication is putting everything I have into myself. Be it school, work, or sports, I make sure to wake up every day knowing I am better today than I was yesterday. Dedication is believing in yourself every single day, and waking up better than the last day. That is dedication. Works Cited â€Å"Dedication.† Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 9 Nov. 2017. â€Å"Quotes about Dedication.† GoodReads.

Polar Vs. Brown Bear Essays - Bears, Polar Bear, Brown Bear

Polar Vs. Brown Bear Essays - Bears, Polar Bear, Brown Bear Polar Vs. Brown Bear There are eight different species of bears found throughout the world: the spectacled bear, the Asiatic black bear, the brown bear (including grizzlies), the polar bear, the sun bear, the American black bear, the sloth bear and the giant panda. Even though most people can distinguish a polar bear from a brown bear by the color of the fur, a lot of people fail to identify all the differences among those two species. Both bears can be perceived as large, clumsy and lumbering beasts with heavily built bodies but short legs, necks and tails. Both of them have rounded ears and noticeably small eyes relative to their large body size. While both of the bears belong to same family, they have several profound differences. They live in different geographical areas, differ in amount of the population, size, physical features, some eating habits, and their behavior toward human beings. The polar bear is found in all of the polar regions of the entire northern hemisphere. This includes Russia, Norway, Greenland, The United States and Canada. Their preferred habitat is in the area where the northern seas meet the shoreline. In this area, there is a constant freezing and thawing of the ice. It is estimated that there are currently somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000 polar bears. The polar bear is the largest member of the bear family, weighing in at between 440 and 1760 pounds with overall body length 11.5 feet. It can grow much larger, however. In fact, there is a record of an adult polar bear weighing over 2200 pounds. Polar bears have a distinctive all white fur which is important camouflage when hunting on the ice pack. Their actual color of the skin is black which is thought to be an adaptation for better heat retention. Compared to the other bears, the neck of polar bear is much longer. This makes it easier for them to keep their heads above water when swimming. Like those of other bears, the ears of the polar bear are round. They are, however, smaller and closer to the head. This also helps the animal to be an exceptional swimmer. The forepaws on a polar bear are very large. With a diameter approaching 12 inches and partial webbing between their toes, polar bears are able to use their front feet much like paddles to propel them rapidly through the water. Polar bears are excellent swimmers. They are able to swim distances greater than 60 miles without a pause to rest, maintaining average speed of 6 miles per hour. On land, they are not as quick as brown bears and appear to have traded off speed for their extremely massive forelegs which they use to break through seal dens and to flip a large seal out of the water. Polar bears have also developed large stomachs with a capacity of more than 150 pounds of food. Their digestive system is also more adapted for processing meat than plant material because they are almost exclusively meat eaters. While out on the ice, their diet consists mostly of marine mammals such as the ringed seals, bearded seals and occasionally a walrus or narwhal. Also, in keeping with their carnivorous nature, the canine teeth, used for seizing and holding prey, are longer, sharper and spaced wider apart than in brown bears. Polar bear are at the top of the arctic food chain with no natural enemies. Because of that, compared to other bears, polar bears are the most aggressive and more willing to consider humans as a prey. In other words, when they see a human, they see a walking meal. Consequently the person attacked is usually killed unless the bear is killed first. The most carnivorous, they are also the most patient and determined all of bears. In some instances they may follow a person for hundreds of miles in order to hunt him down. Out of eight species polar bear is considered to be the most dangerous to human beings. The brown bear has the most widespread distribution in the world of any of the eight bear species. They are found throughout most of the northern hemisphere including North America and Eurasia. Their preferred habitat includes mountain forests,

Human Resource Reflecting Paper - on The Cane Mutiny Article Essay

Human Resource Reflecting Paper - on The Cane Mutiny Article - Essay Example Frank was worried about the potential demographic situation of Germany which implicated that the average age of German population was on a steady rise, and what effect it would have on the personnel of a midsize pharmaceutical firm like Medignostics. Frank’s other proposal which was to open day care centers for the children of young employees were also met with skepticism from Erwin. Frank wanted to emphasize the need of day care centers to facilitate young parents since the options of changing schools for children would make them join rival firms. Erwin saw this proposal as increased cost that would be detrimental to the company (Geissler, 2005). I feel that Frank should have consolidated his proposal with sufficient data and facts. In order to convince the executive management about personnel matters it is necessary for HR manager to present his argument in a manner that is comprehensible for the top team. If Frank wanted his HR strategy to be considered, then he should have given a clear picture of the negative consequences if a business enterprise ignores the demographic issue. He should have clearly stated how the growing average age of population would affect hiring of personnel, their costs, performance and innovation. A problem appeared among the older employees who are near retirement age when Part-Time Statute for the Elderly was implemented which paved the way for easy retirement of older workers so that there would be job vacancy for the younger aspirants. This program was subsequently scrapped since proved to be costly to the company and this directly affected older personnel. For instance, Matthias Hausmann who was 58 years old had worked for the company for over 20 years. He regularly made himself absent in the office which resulted in his unavailability during decisions to be made or when clients needed him. This was proving to be a loss to the company as clients were moving their business elsewhere thus hurting productivity. Moreover, th e salary structure indicated that older employees receive more than the younger group, and this must be restructured to consider the stress-related cardiovascular diseases more common among the middle-aged group. Another feature that must be considered is the need of continuous appropriate training of older workers so that they remain productive till their retiring age. This will also reduce the difference of technological know-how between the young managers and their older subordinates. I feel that Frank should have stressed on the fact that older employees needed to be utilized efficiently to ensure better products that would capture larger market. Although it is not known about the details of Frank’s strategies, I think it should include an internal program to create awareness among the employees about the demography and its practical impact on the company. I also support Frank’s theory of starting day care centers within the company as this would benefit the young employees. In this era of severe competition when firms fight to hire and retain qualified professionals, it is prudent for companies to prove themselves as family friendly. Of course, he needs to oversee the costs involved in establishing and staffing a day care center. If the costs seem to be detrimental considering Medignostics is a midsize firm, he can suggest alternative proposals like joining with other firms to establish day care center that would benefit the

Write a letter advocating for ARNPs in Florida to have or not to have Essay

Write a letter advocating for ARNPs in Florida to have or not to have the right to prescribe controlled substances - Essay Example To clarify further the website of Florida Board of Nursing clearly mentions under section FAQ that a nurse practitioner cannot prescribe controlled substance. The ARNP’s here illegally prescribing controlled substance by forgery of signature of physicians and by using their DEA number. This kind of irresponsible behaviour of issuing controlled substance even to the teenagers in our locality by few ARNP’s can lead to irreparable loss to society by affecting the health of its members. Excess and uncontrolled dosage of substance abuse negatively impacts physical and psychological health of an individual and even result to death. This kind of substance abuse has its impact on society also as the individual under substance use often encourage others to take up the same. I will appreciate if you consider the issue reported in the letter. I would like to be sent information on the investigation done if it does not violate any rules or regulation. For any further information please contact me on (111) 111-1111 or

Investment In Social Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Investment In Social Media - Research Paper Example As such, business owners and online shoppers are finding it irresistible. However, even as more business owners continue to use social media for business, they face the challenge of measuring the time they should consume online and assessing the value of social media investment (Ghali, 2011). Specifically, business owners lack the knowledge of determining the Return on Investment (ROI) with respect to social media investment (Burg, 2013). This paper seeks to address ROI in perspective of social media and equally draw the relationship between social media, E-commerce and social commerce. Moreover, the paper will also discuss marketing through social media. It is quite clear that business owners encounter various challenges with respect to investing in social media. Among the social media challenges they face include lack of time, lack of knowledge on how to determine the return on investment, and absence of social media operational skills. Nevertheless, determining the social media RO I remains as the fundamental problem to most business owners (Kelly, 2012). In addressing this challenge, we should first define ROI. ROI is the most common profitability ratio that establishes the efficiency of an investment. In this context, ROI will measure the returns from a social media investment. However, it is factual that calculating ROI is difficult, may not be perfect, and depends on the applied returns and costs. Actually, there is no universal way of measuring the ROI of the social media commitments (Kelly, 2012). As such, some business owners tend to count how many Facebook fans and Twitter followers they have or how many retweets and likes they enjoy. However, this may not be an effective measure of ROI. We can measure ROI using metric tools that foster conversion measurement and  optimized CPM, which enables Facebook ads to reach the target audience (Burg, 2013). This enables the investor to know who clicked through their ads thus enhancing future business planning . In addition, we can measure ROI by analyzing interactions by multiplying the number of received likes by the number of friends of those likes witnessed the action. This defines how far the advert went. Moreover, we can analyze traffic to determine the ROI in social media efforts (Harden & Heyman, 2011). Indeed, different social media understand the business owners need to evaluate their ROI in social media and thus there is a provision for built-in analytics tools for following engagement, likes, and shares (Burg, 2013). This helps the marketers to determine how often people find the marketer’s page through the social sites. For example, on Facebook, one can analyze the comment to like a ratio of posts while on Twitter, one can analyze the retweets to tweet ratio. Notably, the higher the ratios, the higher the ROI is. In addition, we can analyze the website analytics against pay per click or the average cost of those PPC campaigns per person in relation to the free social m edia placements (Burg, 2013). This derives a clear picture of the effectiveness of the social media investment. Another mode of measuring ROI is by determining the number of people that has a potential of interacting with the marketer while using the social media (Ghali, 2011). This enables th

Forced Vibrations Of Simple Systems English Language Essay

Forced Vibrations Of Simple Systems English Language Essay Mechanical, acoustical, or electrical vibrations are the sources of sound in musical instruments. Some familiar examples are the vibrations of strings violin, guitar, piano, etc, bars or rods xylophone, glockenspiel, chimes, and clarionet reed, membranes (drums, banjo), plates or shells (cymbal, gong, bell), air in a tube (organ pipe, brass and woodwind instruments, marimba resonator), and air in an enclosed container (drum, violin, or guitar body). In most instruments, sound production depends upon the collective behavior of several vibrators, which may be weakly or strongly coupled together. This coupling, along with nonlinear feedback, may cause the instrument as a whole to behave as a complex vibrating system, even though the individual elements are relatively simple vibrators (Hake and Rodwan, 1966). In the first seven chapters, we will discuss the physics of mechanical and acoustical oscillators, the way in which they may be coupled together, and the way in which they radiate sound. Since we are not discussing electronic musical instruments, we will not deal with electrical oscillators except as they help us, by analogy, to understand mechanical and acoustical oscillators. According to Iwamiya, Kosygi and Kitamura (1983) many objects are capable of vibrating or oscillating. Mechanical vibrations require that the object possess two basic properties: a stiffness or spring like quality to provide a restoring force when displaced and inertia, which causes the resulting motion to overshoot the equilibrium position. From an energy standpoint, oscillators have a means for storing potential energy (spring), a means for storing kinetic energy (mass), and a means by which energy is gradually lost (damper). vibratory motion involves the alternating transfer of energy between its kinetic and potential forms. The inertial mass may be either concentrated in one location or distributed throughout the vibrating object. If it is distributed, it is usually the mass per unit length, area, or volume that is important. Vibrations in distributed mass systems may be viewed as standing waves. The restoring forces depend upon the elasticity or the compressibility of some mater ial. Most vibrating bodies obey Hookes law; that is, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium, at least for small displacement. Simple harmonic motion in one dimension: Moore (1989) has mentioned that the simplest kind of periodic motion is that experienced by a point mass moving along a straight line with an acceleration directed toward a fixed point and proportional to the distance from that point. This is called simple harmonic motion, and it can be described by a sinusoidal function of time, where the amplitude A describes the maximum extent of the motion, and the frequency f tells us how often it repeats. The period of the motion is given by That is, each T seconds the motion repeats itself. Sundberg (1978) has mentioned that a simple example of a system that vibrates with simple harmonic motion is the mass-spring system shown in Fig.1.1. We assume that the amount of stretch x is proportional to the restoring force F (which is true in most springs if they are not stretched too far), and that the mass slides freely without loss of energy. The equation of motion is easily obtained by combining Hookes law, F = -Kx, with Newtons second law, F = ma =. Thus, and Where = The constant K is called the spring constant or stiffness of the spring (expressed in Newtons per meter). We define a constant so that the equation of motion becomes This well-known equation has these solutions: ) Figure 2.1: Simple mass-spring vibrating system Source: Cremer, L., Heckl, M., Ungar, E (1988), Structure-Borne Sound, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag Figure 2.2: Relative phase of displacement x, velocity v, and acceleration a of a simple vibrator Source: Campbell, D. M., and Greated, C (1987), The Musicians Guide to Acoustics, Dent, London or From which we recognize as the natural angular frequency of the system. The natural frequency fo of our simple oscillator is given by and the amplitude by or by A; is the initial phase of the motion. Differentiation of the displacement x with respect to time gives corresponding expressions for the velocity v and acceleration a (Cardle et al, 2003): , And . Ochmann (1995) has mentioned that the displacement, velocity, and acceleration are shown in Fig. 1.2. Note that the velocity v leads the displacement by radians (90), and the acceleration leads (or lags) by radians (180). Solutions to second-order differential equations have two arbitrary constants. In Eq. (1.3) they are A and; in Eq. (1.4) they are B and C. Another alternative is to describe the motion in terms of constants x0 and v0, the displacement and velocity when t =0. Setting t =0 in Eq. (1.3) gives and setting t = 0 in Eq. (1.5) gives From these we can obtain expressions for A and in terms of xo and vo: , and Alternatively, we could have set t= 0 in Eq. (1.4) and its derivative to obtain B= x0 and C= v0/ from which . 2.3 Complex amplitudes According to Cremer, Heckl and Ungar (1990) another approach to solving linear differential equations is to use exponential functions and complex variables. In this description of the motion, the amplitude and the phase of an oscillating quantity, such as displacement or velocity, are expressed by a complex number; the differential equation of motion is transformed into a linear algebraic equation. The advantages of this formulation will become more apparent when we consider driven oscillators. This alternate approach is based on the mathematical identity where j =. In these terms, Where Re stands for the real part of. Equation (1.3) can be written as, Skrodzka and Sek (2000) has mentioned that the quantity is called the complex amplitude of the motion and represents the complex displacement at t=0. The complex displacement is written The complex velocity and acceleration become Desmet (2002) has mentioned that each of these complex quantities can be thought of as a rotating vector or phase rotating in the complex plane with angular velocity, as shown in Fig. 1.3. The real time dependence of each quantity can be obtained from the projection on the real axis of the corresponding complex quantities as they rotate with angular velocity Figure 2.3: Phase representation of the complex displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a linear oscillator Source: Bangtsson E, Noreland D and Berggren M (2003), Shape optimization of an acoustic horn, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192:1533-1571 2.4 Continuous systems in one dimension Strings and bars This section focuses on systems in which these elements are distributed continuously throughout the system rather than appearing as discrete elements. We begin with a system composed of several discrete elements, and then allow the number of elements to grow larger, eventually leading to a continuum (Karjalainen and Valamaki, 1993). Linear array of oscillators According to Mickens (1998) the oscillating system with two masses in Fig. 1.20 was shown to have two transverse vibrational modes and two longitudinal modes. In both the longitudinal and transverse pairs, there is a mode of low frequency in which the masses move in the same direction and a mode of higher frequency in which they move in opposite directions. The normal modes of a three-mass oscillator are shown in Fig. 2.1. The masses are constrained to move in a plane, and so there are six normal modes of vibration, three longitudinal and three transverse. Each longitudinal mode will be higher in frequency than the corresponding transverse mode. If the masses were free to move in three dimensions, there would be 3*3 =9 normal modes, three longitudinal and six transverse. Increasing the number of masses and springs in our linear array increases the number of normal modes. Each new mass adds one longitudinal mode and (provided the masses move in a plane) one transverse mode. The modes of transverse vibration for mass/spring systems with N=1 to 24 masses are shown in Fig. 2.2; note that as the number of masses increases, the system takes on a wavelike appearance. A similar diagram could be drawn for the longitudinal modes. Figure 2.4: Normal modes of a three-mass oscillator. Transverse mode (a) has the lowest frequency and longitudinal mode (f) the highest Source: Jaffe, D and Smith, J (1983), Extension of the Karplus-Strong plucked string algorithm, CMJ 7:2, 43-45 Figure 2.5: Modes of transverse vibration for mass/spring systems with different numbers of masses. A system with N masses has N modes Source: Beranek L (1954), Acoustics. McGraw-Hill, New York As the number of masses in our linear system increases, we take less and less notice of the individual elements, and our system begins to resemble a vibrating string with mass distributed uniformly along its length. Presumably, we could describe the vibrations of a vibrating string by writing N equations of motion for N equality spaced masses and letting N go to infinity, but it is much simpler to consider the shape of the string as a whole (Bogoliubov, and Mitropolsky, 1961). Standing waves Consider a string of length L fixed at x=0 and x= L. The first condition y (0,t) = 0 requires that A = -C and B = -D in Eq. (2.9), so Using the sum and difference formulas, sin(xy) = sin x cos y cos x sin y and cos(x Y = 2A sin kx cos = 2[A cos The second condition y (L, t) =0 requires that sin kL =0 or . This restricts to values Thus, the string has normal modes of vibration (Obrien, Cook and Essl, 2001): These modes are harmonic, because each fn is n times f1= c/2L. The general solution of a vibrating string with fixed ends can be written as a sum of the normal modes: and the amplitude of the nth mode is. At any point Alternatively, the general solution could be written as Where Cn is the amplitude of the nth mode and is its phase (Keefe and Benade, 1982). 2.5 Energy of a vibrating string McIntyre et al (1981) has mentioned that when a string vibrates in one of its normal modes, the kinetic and potential energies alternately take on their maximum value, which is equal to the total energy. Thus, the energy of a mode can be calculated by considering either the kinetic or the potential energy. The maximum kinetic energy of a segment vibrating in its nth mode is: Integrating over the entire length gives The potential and kinetic energies of each mode have a time average value that is En/2. The total energy of the string can be found by summing up the energy in each normal mode: Plucked string: time and frequency analyses According to Laroche and Jot (1992) when a string is excited by bowing, plucking, or striking, the resulting vibration can be considered to be a combination of several modes of vibration. For example, if the string is plucked at its center, the resulting vibration will consist of the fundamental plus the odd-numbered harmonics. Fig. 2.5 illustrates how the modes associated with the odd-numbered harmonics, when each is present in the right proportion; add up at one instant in time to give the initial shape of the center-plucked string. Modes 3,7,11, etc., must be opposite in phase from modes, 1, 5, and 9 in order to give maximum displacement at the center, as shown at the top. Finding the normal mode spectrum of a string given its initial displacement calls for frequency analysis or fourier analysis. Figure 2.6: Time analysis of the motion of a string plucked at its midpoint through one half cycle. Motion can be thought of as due to two pulses travelling in opposite directions Source: Gokhshtein, A. Y (1981), Role of air ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow modulator in the excitation of sound in wind instruments, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 25, 954-956 Since all the modes shown in Fig.2.6 have different frequencies of vibration, they quickly get out of phase, and the shape of the string changes rapidly after plucking. The shape of the string at each moment can be obtained by adding the normal modes at that particular time, but it is more difficult to do so because each of the modes will be at a different point in its cycle. The resolution of the string motion into two pulses that propagate in opposite directions on the string, which we might call time analysis, is illustrated in Fig.2.6 if the constituent modes are different, of course. For example, if the string is plucked 1/5 of the distance from one end, the spectrum of mode amplitudes shown in Fig. 2.7 is obtained. Note that the 5th harmonic is missing. Plucking the string  ¼ of the distance from the end suppresses the 4th harmonic, etc. (Pavic, 2006). Roads (1989) have mentioned that a time analysis of the string plucked at 1/5 of its length. A bend racing back and forth within a parallelogram boundary can be viewed as the resultant of two pulses (dashed lines) travelling in opposite directions. Time analysis through one half cycle of the motion of a string plucked one-fifth of the distance from one end. The motion can be thought of as due to two pulses moving in opposite directions (dashed curves). The resultant motion consists of two bends, one moving clockwise and the other counter-clockwise around a parallelogram. The normal force on the end support, as a function of time, is shown at the bottom. Each of these pulses can be described by one term in dAlemberts solution [Eq. (2.5)]. Each of the normal modes described in Eq. (2.13) has two coefficients and Bn whose values depend upon the initial excitation of the string. These coefficients can be determined by Fourier analysis. Multiplying each side of Eq. (2.14) and its time derivative by sin mx/L and integrating from 0 to L gives the following formulae for the Fourier coefficients: By using these formulae, we can calculate the Fourier coefficients for the string of length L is plucked with amplitude h at one fifth of its length as shown in figure.2.8 time analysis above. The initial conditions are: y (x,0) = 0 y (x,0) = 5h/L .x, 0 x L/5, = 5h/4 (1-x/L), L/5 x L. Using the first condition in first equation gives An=0. Using the second condition in second equation gives = = The individual Bns become: B1 =0.7444h, B2 =0.3011h, B3 =0.1338h, B4 =0.0465h, B5 =0, B6= -0.0207h, etc. Figure 2.7 shows 20 log for n=0 to 15. Note that Bn=0 for n=5, 10, 15, etc., which is the signature of a string plucked at 1/5 of its length (Shabana, 1990). Bowed string Woodhouse (1992) has mentioned that the motion of a bowed string has interested physicists for many years, and much has been written on the subject. As the bow is drawn across the string of a violin, the string appears to vibrate back and forth smoothly between two curved boundaries, much like a string vibrating in its fundamental mode. However, this appearance of simplicity is deceiving. Over a hundred years ago, Helmholtz (1877) showed that the string more nearly forms two straight lines with a sharp bend at the point of intersection. This bend races around the curved path that we see, making one round trip each period of the vibration. According to Chaigne and Doutaut (1997) to observe the string motion, Helmholtz constructed a vibration microscope, consisting of an eyepiece attached to a tuning fork. This was driven in sinusoidal motion parallel to the string, and the eyepiece was focused on a bright-colored spot on the string. When Helmholtz bowed the string, he saw a Lissajous figure. The figure was stationary when the tuning fork frequency was an integral function of the string frequency. Helmholtz noted that the displacement of the string followed a triangular pattern at whatever point he observed it, as shown in Fig.2.7: Figure 2.7: Displacement and Velocity of a bowed string at three positions along the length: a) at x = L/4; b) at the center, and c) at x = 3L/4 Source: Smith, J (1986), Efficient Simulation of the Reed-Bore and Bow-String Mechanisms, Proc. ICMC, 275-280 The velocity waveform at each point alternates between two values. Other early work on the subject was published by Krigar-Menzel and Raps (1891) and by Nobel laureate C. V. Raman (1918). More recent experiments by Schelleng (1973), McIntyre, et al. (1981). Lawergren (1980), Kondo and Kubata (1983), and by others have verified these early findings and have greatly added to our understanding of bowed strings. An excellent discussion of the bowed string is given by Cremer (1981). The motion of a bowed string is shown in Fig.2.8: Figure 2.8: Motion of a bowed string. A) Time analysis of the motion showing the shape of the string at eight successive times during the cycle. B) Displacement of the bow (dashed line) and the string at the point of contact (solid line) at successive times. The letters correspond to the letters in (A) Source: McIntyre, M., Woodhouse, J (1979), On the Fundamentals of Bowed-String Dynamics, Acustica 43:2, 93-108 Dobashi, Yamamoto and Nishita (2003) have described that a time analysis in the above figure 2.8 (A) shows the Helmholtz-type motion of the string; as the bow moves ahead at a constant speed, the bend races around a curved path. Fig. 2.8 (B) shows the position of the point of contact at successive times; the letters correspond to the frames in Figure 2.8(A). Note that there is a single bend in the bowed string. Whereas in the plucked string (fig. 2.8), we had a double bend. The action of the bow on the string is often described as a stick and slip action. The bow drags the string along until the bend arrives [from (a) in figure 2.8 (A)] and triggers the slipping action of the string until it is picked up by the bow once again [frame (c)]. From (c) to (i), the string moves at the speed of the bow. The velocity of the bend up and down the string is the usual . The envelope around which the bend races [the dashed curve in Figure 2.8 (A)] is composed of two parabolas with maximum amplitu de that is proportional, within limits, to the bow velocity. It also increases as the string is bowed nearer to one end. 2.6 Vibration of air columns: According to Moore and Glasberg (1990) the familiar phenomenon of the sound obtained by blowing across the open and of a key shows that vibrations can be set up in an air column. An air column of definite length has a definite natural period of vibrations. When a vibrating tuning fork is held over a tall glass is pured gradually, so as to vary the length of the air column, a length can be obtained which will resound loudly to the note of the tuning fork. Hence it is the air column is the same as that of the tuning fork. A vibration has three important characteristics namely Frequency Amplitude Phase 2.6.1 Frequency:- Frequency is defined as the number of vibration in one second. The unit is Hertz. It is normally denoted as HZ. Thus a sound of 1000 HZ means 1000 vibrations in one second. A frequency of 1000 HZ can also be denoted as 1 KHZ. If the frequency range of audio equipment is mentioned as 50 HZ to 3 HZ it means that audio equipment will function within the frequency range between 50HZ and 3000 HZ. 2.6.2 Amplitude:- Amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement experienced by a particle in figure will help to understand amplitude. Let us consider two vibrating bodies having the same frequency but different amplitudes. The body vibrating with more amplitude will be louder than the body vibrating with less amplitude. The following figure represents two vibrating bodies having the same frequency but different amplitudes (Takala and Hahn, 1992). 2.6.3 Phase:- Phase is defined as the stage to which a particle has reached in its vibration. Initial phase means the initial stage from which the vibration starts. The following will help to understand the concept of phase. From the source travels in the form of waves before reaching the ear sound cannot travel in vacuum. Sound needs medium for its travel. The medium may be a solid or liquid or gas (Brown and Vaughn, 1993). Support a glass tube open at both ends in a vertical position, with its lower and dipping into water contained in a wider cylinder. Hold over the upper end of the tube a vibrating tuning form. Adjust the reinforcement of the sound is obtained. Adjust the distance of the air column till we get actually the resonance or sympathetic note. Repeat the adjustments and take the average of the results from the observation. It will be found from the repeated experiments, that the longer the air column is produced when the tuning fork becomes identical. Vibration of air column in a tube open at both ends:- Obrien, Shen and Gatchalian (2002) have described that if they think of an air column in a tube open both ends, and try to imagine the ways in which it can vibrate; we shall readily appreciate that the ends will always be antinodes, since here the air is free to move. Between the antinodes there must be at least one node, and the ends, the moving air is either moving towards the center from both ends or away from the centre at both ends. Thus the simplest kind of vibration has a node at the centre and antinodes at the two ends. This can be mathematically expressed as follows: Wave length of the simplest kind of vibration is four times the distance from node to antinode 2L where L is the length of the pipe. Vibration of air column in a tube closed at one end: The distance from node to antinode in this case is L, the whole length of the pipe, the wavelength is therefore = 4L. 2.7 Resonance-sympathetic vibration Sloan, Kautz and Synder (2002) have described that everybody which is capable of vibration has natural frequency of its own. When a body is made to vibrate at its neutral frequency, it will vibrate with maximum amplitude. Resonance is a phenomenon in which a body at rest is made to vibrate by the vibrations of another body whose frequency is equal to that of the natural frequency of the first. Resonance can also be called sympathetic vibrations. The following experiment will help to understand resonance: Consider two stretched stings A and B on a sonometer. With the help of a standard tuning form we can adjust their vibrating lengths [length between the bridges] to have the same frequency. Thus we can place a few paper riders on string B and pluck string A to make it vibrate. The string B will start vibrate and paper riders on it will flutter vigorously and sometimes A can be stopped simply by touching it. Still the string B will continue to vibrate. The vibration in the string B is due to resonance and it can be called as sympathetic vibration. If instead of the fundamental frequency one of the harmonics of string B is equal to the vibrating frequency of string A then the string B will start vibrating at that harmonics frequency. But in the case of harmonics the amplitude of vibration will be less. In Tambura when the sarani is sounded the anusarani also, vibrates thus helping to produce a louder volume of sound. The sarani here makes the anusarani to vibrate. In all musical instrum ents the material, the shape of the body and enclosed volume of air make use of resonance to bring out increased volume and desired upper partials of harmonics. 2.8 Intonations Spiegel and Watson (1984) have described that during the course of the history of music, several of music intervals were proposed aiming at a high degree of maturing consonance and dissonance played important role in the evolution of musical scales. Just intonation is the result of standardizing perfect intervals. Just Intonation is limited to one single-key and aims at making the intervals as accordant as possible with both one another and with the harmonics of the keynote and with the closely related tones. The frequency ratio of the musical notes in just Intonation is given below. Indian note Western note Frequency ratio r C 1 K2 D 9/8 f2 E 5/4 M1 F 4/3 P G 3/2 D2 A 5/3 N2 B 15/8 S C 2 Ward (1970) has mentioned that most of the frequency ratios are expressed is terms of comparatively small numbers. Constant harmonics are present when frequency ratios are expressed in terms of small numbers. The interval in frequency ratio are: Between Madhya sthyai C[Sa] and Tara sthayi c[sa] is 2 [1*2=2]. Between Madhya sthyai C[Sa] and Madhya sthayi G[pa] is 3/2 [1*3/2=3/2]. Between Madhya sthayi D[Ri] and Madhya sthayi E[Ga] is 10/9 [9/8*10/9=5/4] Between Madhya sthyai E[Ga] and Madhya sthayi F[Ma] is 16/15-[5/4*16/15=4/3]. Between Madhya sthyai F[Ma] and Madhya sthayi G[Pa] is 9/8-[4/3*9/8=3/2]. Between Madhya sthyai G[Pa] and Madhya sthayi A[Dha] is 10/9[3/2*10/9=5/3]. Between Madhya sthyai A[Dha] and Madhya sthayi B[Ni] is 9/8-[5/3*9/8=5/8]. Between Madhya sthyai Sa[C] and Ri2[D] there is a svarasthanam [CH]. Hence the interval between Sa[C] and Ri2[D] and Ga2[E] is known as a tone. But there is no svarasthanam [semitone] between Ga2[E] and Ma1[F]. Hence the interval between Ga[E] and Ma1[F] is known as a semitone. Between Pa[G] and Dha[A] we have a tone. Between mathya styayi Ni2[B] and Tara sthyai C[Sa] we have a semitone. In just Intonation we find that tones are not all equal. But the semitones are equal. In just Intonation the modulation of key of musical notes will be difficult for example, if the keynote is changed from Sa[C] to Pa[G] then the frequency of etatusruthi Dhairatam [A] will change from 1.687, time the frequency of Sa[c]. A musical instrument tuned in just intonation to play sankarabaranam ragam cannot be used to play kalyani ragam. Hence the modulation of key of musical notes will be difficult in just Intonation (Doutaut , Matignon, and Chaigne, 1998). Equal temperature Lehr (1997) has described that the above mentioned problem in just Intonation can be solved in the Equal Temperament scale. In Equal temperament all the 12 music intervals in a sthayi [octave] are equal. The frequency ratios of semitones in Equal temperament scale was first calculated by the French Mathematician Mersenne and was published in Harmonic Universelle in the year 1636. But it was not put into use till the latter half of seventeenth century. All keyboard instruments are tuned of Equal Temperature scale. Abraham pandithar strongly advocated Equal Temperament scale and in his famous music treatise karunamitha sagaram he tried to prove that the Equal Temperament scale was in practice in ancient Tamil music. A simple mathematical exercise will help to under the basis of Equal Temperament scale. Equal Temperament Madhya sthayi Sa[c] frequency ratio=1=2 ÃÅ'Ã…  . Tara sthayi Sa[i] frequency ratio = 2=212/12=2. Frequency ratios of 12 svarasthanams are given below. S R1 R2 G1 G2 M1 M2 P D1 D2 N1 N2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" 20 21/12 22/12 23/12 24/12 25/12 26/12 27/12 28/12 29/12 210/12 2n/12 S à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" 212/12 All semitones are equal is Equal Temperament scale. Each represents the same frequency ratio 1.05877. The great advantage in Equal Temperament scale is that music can be played equal well in all keys. This means that any of the 12 semitones can be used as Sa in a music instrument tuned to Equal Temperament scale. There is no need to change tuning every time the Raga is changed. Since keyboard instruments are pre-tuned instruments they follow Equal Temperament. 2.9 Production and transmission of sound:- According to Boulanger (2000) the term sound is related to quite definite and specific sensation caused by the stimulation of the mechanism of the ear. The external cause of the sensation is also related to sound. Anybody in vibration is an external cause of the sensation. A veena [after plucking] or violin [after blowing] in a state of vibration is an external cause of the sensation. A body in a state of vibration becomes a source of sound. A vibration is a periodic to and fro motion about a fixed point Iwamiya and Fujiwara (1985) have mentioned that the pitch of a musical sound produced on a wind instrument depends on the rate or frequency of the vibrations which cause the sound. In obedience to Natures law, the column of air in a tube can be made to vibrate only at certain rates, therefore, a tube of any particular length can be made to produce only certain sounds and no others as long as the length of the tube is un-altered. Whatever the length of the tube, these various sounds always bear the same relationship one to the other, but the actual pitch of die series will depend on the length of the tube. The player on a wind instrument, by varying the intensity of the air-stream which he injects into the mouthpiece, can produce at will all or some of the various sounds which that particular length of tube is capable of sounding; thus, by compressing the air-stream with his lips he increases the rate of vibration and produces higher sounds, and by decompressing or slackening the inte nsity of the air-stream he lowers the rate of vibration and produces lower pitched sounds. In this way the fundamental, or lowest note which a tube is capable of sounding, can be raised becoming higher and higher by intervals which become smaller and smaller as they ascend. These sounds are usually called harmonics or upper partials, and it is convenient to refer to them by number, counting the fundamental as No. t, the octave harmonic as No. 2, and so on. The series of sounds available on a tube approximately 8 feet in length is as follows: Tsingos et al (2001) has mentioned that a longer tube would produce a corresponding series of sounds proportionately lower in pitch according to its length, and on a shorter tube the same series would be proportionately higher. The entire series available on any tube is an octave lower than that of a tube half its length, or an octave higher than that of a tube double its length ; thus, the approximate lengths of tube required to sound the various notes C are as follows : Fundamental Length of tube C, 16 feet C 8 ,. c 4,, c 2,, c I foot c 1/2,, Shonle and Horen (1980) has mentioned that the addition of about 6 inches to a 4-foot tube, of a foot to an 8-foot tube, or of 2 feet to a i6-foot tube, will give the series a tone lower (in B flat), and a proportionate shortening of the C tubes will raise the series a tone (D) ; on the same basis, tubes which give any F as the fundamental of a series must be about midway in length between those which give the C above and the C below as fundamental. Examples: Trumpet (modern) in C-length about 4 feet ,, in F ,, ,, 6 ,, ,, (old) in C ,, ,, 8 ,, Horn in F ,, ,, 12 ,, ,, ,, C ,, ,, 16 ,, It will be noticed that the two lower octaves of the harmonic series are ve

Local-Color Regionalism in Tennessees Partner Essay -- essays research

The literary movement of local-color regionalism in American literature is a very distinctive and interesting form of fiction writing that effectively combines regional characteristics, dialect, customs and humor. In Bret Harte’s Tennessee’s Partner, these characteristics helped the story jump off the page, allowing the reader to understand the â€Å"times† rather than just the characters. And, for that reason, I feel that this is an outstanding piece of work. One of the most distinguishable characteristics of local-color regionalism writing is the usage of authentic dialect based on the story’s setting. In Tennessee’s Partner, Harte uses this tactic best when quoting the title character. For example, when Tennessee’s Partner suddenly appears in court on behalf of his best friend, Tennessee, his words are carefully written based on how they sounded from his mouth – not on how they should be, grammatically speaking: â€Å"†¦Tennessee, thar, has played it pretty rough and expensive-like on a stranger, and on this yer camp. And now, what’s the fair thing?...Here’s seventeen hundred dollars in coarse gold and a watch, -- it’s about all my pile, – and call it square!† Such talk effectively captures the typical conversation of the Old West and the Gold Rush and gives the reader a feeling of authenticity. Tennessee’s speech is similar, though not nearly as rough. Although not one hand of poker was played throughout the entire story, Tennessee revealed, through his use of words in his every...

Stated in the case

From the case, I could notice that divisions and therefore company itself is treating AM division almost as a separate business and the three divisions would like to make more profit while selling goods to AM division. Partly it is a exult of incentive system based only on ROI, and historic fact that in the past all these divisions were separate companies. I would recommend short term solution to make process of fixing the price for AM division simple. Solution could be that we use simple formula for internal AM division : cost price + minimum profit margin.Since, incentives are not affected directly by this formula, it should be very easy to use it and I can ‘ t see any valid reason why not to use it instead of current one which is spending directors and division managers time and effort to set the price for every case separately. Long term solution based on my experience is to integrate three divisions into AM division, but keeping all their major advantages as separate divis ions and also to incentive divisions as part of AM sale. Second concern is that three divisions are treating AM division as an unwanted brother.Since company has quite frigid incentive systems divisions don ‘t benefit while selling to AM division. In their ROI based incentive system it has much more sense to sell same products to MOM than to AM. By keeping this behavior in Abram organization, they are holding AM to grow bigger and show its full potential. By combining incentive with AM division results this problem would be solved. Third concern is excessive inventory throughout the year. Based on my experience would say that this problem has roots in quite complex and slow† organization/management.Three completely independent division are unnecessary and by having one one main planning for production (three division) and one planning for sales (AM division), Abram could implement a more leaner inventory planning since instead of having 4 separate planning, and with thre e of them for production, we will have two major planning. Side effect would be increasing negotiation power while purchasing goods and more efficient inventory level. 2nd Question: What is your overall evaluation of Abram s management control system? Describe and strengths or weaknesses that you identified, but did not include in answering previous question.What changes, if any, would you recommend to top management? Abram current measurement system is based on ROI. My opinion is that it sin ;t suitable for a company like Abram is. Any investment done in this year will affect your bonuses in the next, and actually this system denominates oh to improve your systems, equipment or educate staff. In the era of fast changing companies and Internet, it is extremely dangerous to have a system in a company that forces managers all the time to use maximum from the equipment and people without any upgrades.Sometimes, if a competition is strong, and it is stated in the case, that industry is very price sensitive, if you don ‘ t upgrade or invest you will lose you market share since somebody else will invest only because we gave them the space. Weaknesses of Abram company would be: Dangerous ROI measurement system Fragmented inefficient organization, with implementing leaner systems it can become much more cost efficient Strategy that stops divisions to reach its full potential.Examples, AM can ‘t sell products from other brands. Some brands are market leaders in the industry and Abram spare parts could be sold as a side part or compatible part or combo. Divisions are denominated to invest in the future and upgrades. Each division has it own sales director selling to MOM. By having sales centralized, by accomplishing one big MOM deal Abram could sell products from 2 or even three divisions, at the moment their maximum is to sell only product from their division.Planning is not centralized and therefore company is not using its full negotiating strength Streng ths of Abram company would be: They have incentive system which shows that they understand that one of the main drivers to success are employees engaged in companies goals They have clear management structure. It is quite inefficient but by having a structure it shows that they could change it and have more efficient firm structure again They have ongoing business and therefore good position to feel all positive changes they implement.

7 Simple Ways To Improve Your Email Open Rates

7 Simple Ways To Improve Your Email Open Rates Do you know what your email open rates are? Think about it: youve put the work into the email youre sending. Wouldnt it be nice if people actually opened it and read it? According to Campaign Monitor, a  20 40% open rate for email is typical, depending upon who your audience is.  Higher open rates are associated with religious or sports content (dedicated followers), while e-commerce and marketing tend to hover around 20%. If your emails are less than the average 20% email open rates, what can you do to bring that up and get more eyeballs reading your email content? 1. Treat Subject Lines Like Headlines Creating the subject lines of your email follows similar rules as making great headlines. Like a blog post headline, your email subject line bears most of the responsibility of getting your email open rates up where they should be. Good subject lines have a few characteristics: 1. No trickery.  Your subject line should tell your reader what theyll read, and not use subterfuge to trick them into opening an email. Remember the boy who cried wolf? That kind of email subject line will only work once, if they dont unsubscribe. 2. No yelling.  It should go without saying that using all caps in your subject line is a poor idea. However, both title case and sentence case can work magic. Title case works when you are using a shorter subject line which has headline-like quality (e.g. The 5 Most Important Email Tips Ever). Sentence case works when you have a longer or more conversational subject line (e.g. Have you made these 3 blogging mistakes?) 3. Numbers do work. Using numbers in your headline has shown to increase reader engagement. The same can be said for your email subject lines. Dont shy away from a subject that contains a number. 4. Some words dont work. There are words you should avoid using, even if you arent using them in a scam way. Spam filters are already working overtime to protect inboxes. You dont want to give them something to work with on your emails. There are also words that spam filters leave alone, but so do your human readers. For these,  MailChimp identifies their three worst offenders as Help, Percent Off, and Reminder. Spammers have unfortunately desensitized a lot of readers; be sure you dont sound anything like spam. 5. Hit the ideal length. The general rule of thumb is that your subject line should be around 50 characters. Thats not to say 40 wont work, or that 65 is a bad idea. The key is that you must be aware some email programs might cut characters off and if you have your most important word at the end of a long subject you might lose them. Keep important words at the beginning if you have a longer subject line. 6. Story wins. Whenever possible, approach your subject line as a story. In other words, pique your readers curiosity in your email and get their emotions (fear, humor, curiosity, anger, joy, gain, logic) involved; anything that suggests there is more to be read gets readers to open your email. Our Latest Newsletter is much less interesting than Have You Missed The Biggest News Yet? Sometimes a statement-type subject line is necessary, but do try to ping emotions in the subject line when possible. 2. A/B Test Your Subject Lines We regularly test the subject line of our weekly Content Marketing Update. We do this to find out which subject line will get the most opens and perform the best for a limited number of random users before sending it out to our entire list. In the example below, using A/B testing, our sample group helped us select the most successful headline of the two wed come up with, and increased our open rate by an estimated 70%. Version A carried the subject line of Are You A Content Hacker? which forced the reader to ask themselves a question they likely didnt know the answer to, since it is a new term. They clicked to find out. Its similar to the quizzes we get sucked into in magazines or online; were curious to find out who and what we are. Version B carried the subject line of How To Make A Living Blogging which is a helpful topic with a very specific audience of those who actually wanted to make their living blogging. A/B test your email subject and let your readers tell you what works best.I was the one creating the email, and I thought that Version B would be the more popular option. After all, there seems to be a spate of people concerned about making a living and our list was likely filled with people who wanted to do it with writing and blogging. But I was mistaken. Our list has a broad readership, with many of them serving in professional content marketing and social media marketing capacities. They were less interested in making a living blogging than they were to find out about what a content hacker might be.  The email with Are You A Content Hacker was the winner of our A/B test, and it sent out to our entire list with good success. A/B is based on the very simple idea of having two ideas, and letting your audience tell you which one they like. Most email providers, such as MailChimp and AWeber, offer A/B testing that makes it simple to test your subject lines. 3. Consider The First Sentence Its easy to forget that some email programs show the first few words of the first sentence in the inbox. My Gmail doesnt show me the first sentence and I forget that other email software, such as Sparrow and Outlook, does. Why should that matter? Because some of your readers are going to use both the subject line and the first line to give an indication on whether its worth opening or not. The first line of your email will show in some email software. In the example above, you can see that our recent Content Marketing Update email, in this view, had a truncated subject line and the first sentence had to help sell it. How many bloggers use email software that places a notice at the top that says the reader can click here if the email does not appear correctly? The first words of your email should help sell the email, not take care of maintenance.  This particular situation is the case for my personal blogs RSS-driven email, and that means the great headlines I might come up with are followed by a mundane message that suggests theres a chance my email wont look correctly and might not be worth the hassle. Thats not very enticing.  Maybe it doesnt hurt, if your headline is unbelievably superb, but it certainly doesnt help. Think of the opening line of your email like the next level headline. Do what you can with your template so that the first words are valuable. Change your email template to reflect something that feeds the curiosity that the subject line started. 4. Make Email Personally From You The from portion of your email is a way to humanize your email. When we send out our weekly email, we send it from Garrett, not from . Why? Our emails are by people, from people, for people. They arent from vague brands, apps, or objects with a possible nefarious agenda against humans. People connect with people, not with inanimate objects.

The Amount of Hours Required to Pass the Bar Exam

The Amount of Hours Required to Pass the Bar Exam When you sit down to study for the bar exam, it is likely you will get a bunch of feedback from other law students and friends as to how much you are supposed to study for the exam.  I have heard it all! When I was studying for the bar exam, I remember people proudly claiming they were studying twelve hours a day, leaving the library only because it closed. I remember folks being shocked when I told them I was taking Sundays off. How was that possible? There was no way I was going to pass! Shocking news: I passed- only studying until about 6:30 p.m. in the evenings and taking Sundays off. How much you need to study for the bar exam is a critical question. I have seen people understudy and fail, for sure. But I have also seen people over-study for the exam. I know, hard to believe, right? Over-Studying and Burnout Can Cause You as Many Problems as Under-Studying When you over-study for the bar exam, you are likely going to burn out quickly. You need adequate time to rest and recover when you are studying for the bar. Studying every waking hour of every day is going to lead you down the road of not being able to focus, being overly exhausted, and just not being a productive studier. For most of us, we cannot productively study that many hours a day. We need breaks to rest and rejuvenate ourselves. We need to get away from the desk and the computer and move our bodies. We need to eat healthy food. These things all help us do better on the bar exam, but they can’t be done if you are studying twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week (okay, I know that is an exaggeration, but you get what I mean). So How Do You Know How Much to Study? Perhaps it is easy to tell if you might be over-studying, but how can you tell if you are studying enough? This is a very personal decision, one that takes a lot of reflection on the process. I think a good first parameter is that you need to study about 40 to 50 hours a week. Treat the bar exam like a full-time job. Now that means you need to actually study 40 to 50 hours a week. That doesn’t count hours that you are chatting with friends in the library or driving to and from campus. If you aren’t sure what 40 to 50 hours a week of work really feels like, try tracking your time (since you will have to do that at your future law job anyway!). What you may find when you do this exercise is that you aren’t actually studying as many hours as you thought you were. That doesn’t mean you add more study hours; that means that you need to be more efficient with your study time. How can you maximize the number of hours you are on campus working? And how can you maintain focus during those hours? These are all critical questions to get the most out of your days. What If I Can Only Study Part Time? How Many Hours Do I Need to Study Then? Studying part time is a challenge, but it can be done. I encourage anyone studying part time to study at least 20 hours a week and study for a longer preparation period than the typical bar prep cycle. If you are studying for the bar for the first time, you may need to think carefully about making enough time to review the substantive law and also to practice. You may find yourself eating up all of your limited study time by just listening to lectures. But unless you are an auditory learner, listening to lectures isn’t going to get you very far, unfortunately. So be smart about which lectures you listen to (just the ones you think will be most helpful). If you are a repeat taker, best to leave those video lectures alone when you have only limited time to study. Instead, focus on active learning of the law and practice. It is possible that not knowing enough law was the reason you failed, but it is also likely that you failed because you didn’t practice enough or didn’t know how to execute the bar questions in the best possible way. Figure out what went wrong and then develop a study plan that will allow you to get the most out of your study time. Remember that it isn’t really about how much you study, but the quality of the study time you put in.

Solutions to the long waiting queues in Starbucks Term Paper

Solutions to the long waiting queues in Starbucks - Term Paper Example Starbucks has in the recent past experienced high demands for its products. However, the operations within the firm continue to deteriorate causing consumers to wait on long queues (Helgesen 835). It is time for the management at Starbucks to come up with an information system that would reduce waiting time on queues. The following is an evaluation of Starbucks and the problem of long waiting queues. A detailed Starbucks’ problem is provided in the paper. In this analysis, a proposed information system of self ordering and self check out kiosk is proposed. The paper also describes the installation of the proposed information system in addition to evaluating expected costs. Other than the time table of the project, the evaluation provides details of the proposed information systems in respect to the structure and requirements. A concluding remark provides a summary of the major points in respect to the problem of long waiting queues in Starbucks. Overview of Starbucks Starbucks, founded in 1971, is a firm that has coffee houses that beacon for coffee lovers throughout a given geographical area (Starbucks.com). Since 1971 Starbucks has been a major player in roasting and retailing of whole bean and ground coffee besides tea and spices. Starbucks has continued to grow and today it boasts of over 18,000 retail stores in approximately 60 countries (Starbucks.com). The mission of Starbucks is to inspire and nurture the human spirit through the principle of one person one cup and the neighborhood at every given time. One of the reasons for the increased growth in demand for Starbucks’ coffee is the fact that the firm serves the best coffee possible with their goal being providing highest standards or quality coffee besides using ethical sourcing practices (Starbucks.com). Amazingly, the coffee buyers have to travel to coffee farms in Latin America, Africa, and Asia with a view of selecting the highest quality beans that result into high quality p roducts. Other than coffee products, Starbucks also stocks and distributes other products including handcrafted beverages, merchandise, fresh foods, and consumer products such as the ready-to-drink products and ice creams amongst others (Starbucks.com). Therefore, the main brand portfolio for Starbucks include coffee, Seattle’s best coffee, Tazo tea, evolution fresh, La Boulange, and Torrefazione Italia coffee. In addition to stocking and distributing high quality products, Starbucks continues to attract and retain consumers through its corporate social responsibilities

Outlook report for Marks & Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Outlook report for Marks & Spencer - Essay Example On the other hand, the market share of Marks & Spenser in Food is 3.9 percent.1 Marks & Spenser Food retailer is considered as one of the UK’s leading high-quality food provider. The company is offering fresh produce, groceries, ready and partly prepared food. Today the company has total 668 stores throughout UK, out of which 156 are simply food wholly owned outlets and 182 are simple food franchises. In order to evaluate the factors based on which Marks & Spenser Food Retailer has been able to sustain its brand name as a value-creating brand, an outlook of Marks & Spenser has been presented here. This outlook will evaluate the various challenges and prospects for the company during the last few years. In spite of the cultural differences, Marks & Spenser Food has been able to operate very efficiently in terms of macroeconomic policies. The company has been able to expand by building strong relationships with other countries. However, during the last few years, because of the worsening macroeconomic conditions, the governments of various states have been introducing different policies, which have affected the operations of Marks & Spenser and other food retailers. The economic conditions and the recession have negatively affected the operations and balance sheet strength of Marks & Spenser. According to the annual reports of Marks & Spenser, in the year 2009, the company has to reduce its dividends by 20.9 percent. The Chairman Sir Stuart has also reported in the annual report that the decision of cutting dividends have been taken because of two reasons; first, economic conditions of the company and second, the need of the company to retain financial strength and flexibility. Moreover, the profits of the company have declined by 40.0 percent because of the conditions on High Street and the important decision of the company to improve quality and value. The social needs of the